Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is an assisted reproductive technology to treat sperm-related infertility problems. It enhances the fertilization phase of in vitro fertilization (IVF). 

How is the ICSI Procedure Done?

• Sperm Collection

If sperm cannot be collected by mode of masturbation, they are surgically removed through a small incision. This may be used if  there is a blockage that prevents sperm from being ejaculated or there is an issue with sperm development. To screen for genetic problems that could affect offspring, doctors  recommend that men with little or no sperm opt for genetic testing before starting ICSI.

• Ovulation and egg retrieval

1. To prepare for ICSI using your own eggs, you must get daily shots and be closely monitored for 2 weeks before the eggs are collected. 

2. At home, you or your partner injects you with gonadotropin or follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) to stimulate your ovaries to produce multiple eggs (superovulation). 

3. After week 01, your doctor checks your blood estrogen levels and ultrasounds to see if the eggs are maturing in the follicles. 

4. During week 02 , your dosage may be altered based on test results. If follicles are fully developed, you are given a human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) shot to stimulate the follicles to mature. 

5. The mature eggs are collected 34-36 hours later using laparoscopy or ultrasound guided needle aspiration ultrasound.

Why it is Done?

1.  to treat severe male infertility

2.  some couples choose ICSI after repeat in vitro fertilization fails.

3. used for couples planning to test the embryo for certain genetic disorders.

What to expect After Treatment?

The shots, monitoring, and procedures for IVF can be emotionally and physically demanding of the mother. Superovulation requires regular blood tests, daily shots, and frequent medical monitoring. Some of the shots can be quite painful too.

What is the success rate of the procedure? 

ICSI often is successful for men who have impaired or no sperm in the ejaculate. It produces an estimated 25% - 30% birth rate on an average.

Risks

• Severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome if not done under diligent medical supervision

• Multiple pregnancies 

• Birth defects